Why Ukraine Avoids Large Slums Despite Similar GDP Per Capita to the Philippines

Ukraine stands as a unique industrialized nation despite its GDP per capita being comparable to that of the Philippines. This article delves into the underlying reasons behind Ukraine's ability to avoid widespread slums while maintaining a lower standard of living compared to many industrialized countries. It also explores why the Philippines struggles with such issues.

The Soviet Legacy: A Key Factor

One of the primary reasons Ukraine avoids large slums lies in its rich history and the legacy of the 'sSoviet era. The Soviet Union was known for its ambitious housing projects, which aimed to provide homes to every citizen. Even if these homes were not luxurious, they provided a basic standard of living for the population. This extensive infrastructure has helped Ukraine maintain a stable housing market, even in times of economic hardship.

Climate and Survival

Ukraine's harsh winters are a significant factor in its ability to avoid large slums. The extreme temperatures make it crucial to have proper heating facilities in apartments. In Ukraine, abandoned dwellings that used to be occupied by others are often converted into rentals or purchases at low costs. However, in the Philippines, where new constructions are predominantly slums due to the rising population and low income levels, the need for warm housing is less met. This results in a higher incidence of slums where residents often lack proper heating and suffer from the cold.

Economic and Social Impact

While Ukraine spends more on its population than on lavish or fancy projects, this investment is crucial in maintaining a higher standard of living. The Soviet-style city planning, particularly during the Khrushchev era, played a significant role in providing comprehensive services at a low cost. Multi-functional complexes, such as thermal power plants and nuclear reactors, provided essential utilities like electricity and hot water. These utilities operate with minimal overhead costs, making living expenses more affordable.

Infrastructure and Cost

The Soviet-era infrastructure has endured for decades, offering a resilient and durable built environment. The cost of living, including utility bills, in the former Soviet Union and the rest of the Eastern Bloc, has been significantly lower. For example, utility costs, excluding super-profits, might be as low as 15 per 1000 square feet per month. This affordability is due to the efficient use of resources and the lasting quality of the infrastructure. Unlike in the Philippines, where new constructions often fall short due to economic constraints, Ukraine has a substantial stock of well-maintained homes that continue to serve the population.

Demographic Differences

Another factor contributing to Ukraine's lower incidence of large slums is its demographic profile. Unlike the Philippines, which experiences high population growth, Ukraine is currently dealing with a shrinking population. This demographic shift has led to a situation where abandoned dwellings can be repurposed, making the housing market more flexible and adaptable. In contrast, the rapid population growth in the Philippines leads to an oversupply of new construction that often results in shantytowns and slums.

Conclusion

In summary, Ukraine's ability to avoid large slums, despite having similar GDP per capita to the Philippines, is a testament to its rich Soviet legacy and the enduring quality of its infrastructure. The efficient use of resources and a focus on population welfare have helped maintain a standard of living that is significantly better than what can be achieved in the face of rapid population growth and limited resources in the Philippines. As the global community continues to address housing and urbanization challenges, the lessons from Ukraine offer valuable insights into how durable and resilient infrastructure can enhance the quality of life.