The Use of Alum on the Front Part of Pennies: A Comprehensive Guide

First, it is important to clear up the terminology: in English, fitkari, a term often used in Indian contexts, is known as alum—a colorless, transparent crystalline substance. Alum is a hydrated potassium aluminum sulfate and is commonly used in various applications, including cleaning and polishing.

Understanding the Front Part of Pennies

The front part of a penny, often referred to as the “obverse,” features the profile or likeness of a person—currently, it is President Abraham Lincoln. This side also includes the year of minting, the mint mark (if applicable), and the country's name or a national emblem.

Why Not Treat All Surfaces of the Penny?

When considering the application of alum or any other cleaning agent, it is important to understand the physical characteristics of different penny compositions. In the United States, pennies are made of a zinc core with a thin copper coating due to the copper component's higher value and the zinc being more resistant to corrosion.

Applying alum to the entire surface of a penny could result in a coating that may mask the natural patina and potentially damage the outer copper layer. This is because the copper is prone to reacting with water and other substances, leading to discoloration or further corrosion.

Why Use Alum on the Front Part of Pennies?

If the goal is to clean or polish the front part of the penny, there are a couple of reasons for doing so. First, it can enhance the clarity of the coin's design and bring out detailed features, making it more aesthetically pleasing. Second, by cleaning the front, collectors might ensure that the primary design elements, such as Lincoln's profile, remain clear and well-defined.

Alum, when used appropriately, can help remove minor dirt and residues without damaging the coin. For cleaning, a safe and effective method involves soaking the coin in a solution of water and a small amount of alum powder for a short period, then rinsing and drying it thoroughly.

Regional Differences in US Coins

Your writing project focuses on the US coins, which may differ in composition from coins in India. In the United States, the composition of pennies has been consistent over recent years, as they are primarily made of zinc with a copper plating. In contrast, in India, the coinage may consist of different materials, such as brass or bronze.

When engaging in cleaning and treating coins, it is crucial to understand the specific composition of the coin to avoid causing unintended damage. Incorrect treatment could potentially alter the appearance or composition of the coin, reducing its value or authenticity.

Further Reading and Resources

To delve deeper into the physical characteristics of US pennies and other coins, you may refer to resources such as:

Official US Mint websites for detailed information on coin compositions and minting processes. Numismatic societies and forums for advanced collectors and enthusiasts. Manuals and guides on coin cleaning techniques from reputable numismatic organizations.

Remember, proper care and handling are essential to maintain the value and integrity of your coin collection.

Conclusion

Alum, or fitkari, can be a useful tool for cleaning and polishing the front part of US pennies, provided it is used judiciously and appropriately. Understanding the composition of the penny and the specific techniques for cleaning can help preserve the coin's value and appearance.