The Roman Conquest of Hispania: A Timeline of Conquerors

The historical conquest of the Iberian Peninsula by Rome and other ancient powers such as the Carthaginians is a chronicle of battles, empires, and cultural impacts. This intricate timeline begins with the first Roman general to set foot in this territory and culminates with the final Roman annexation under Augustus.

Early Inhabitants and Settlers

The region now known as Spain was not solely conquered by the Romans. It had a rich history of various early human groups and settlements. The first inhabitants were the Neanderthals, followed by modern humans (Sapiens), Neolithic people, and later the Yamnai. The Celts also played a role, although the origins of the Iberians are less clear.

Roman Conquest

As the Roman Republic expanded its control, the Iberian Peninsula became a crucial part of their empire. The Romans first set foot in the Iberian Peninsula around 218 BC, marking the start of their conquests. It took nearly two centuries for the Romans to fully conquer the region, with their victories securing control over the area by the time of Augustus.

Roman Generals who Conquered Hispania

Público Cornelio Escipión: Known for his military successes, particularly in the Second Punic War. Escipión Emiliano: Another general who achieved significant victories during the Roman expansion. Quinto Sertorio: Fought against the Lusitanians and won several significant battles. Pompeyo el Grande: A famous Roman general known for his military campaigns and political ambitions. Julio César: Although not directly responsible for the Roman conquest of Hispania, he played a vital role in the political landscape of the time. César Augusto: The last of the notable Roman generals, who completed the Roman conquest by conquering the north and incorporating the region into the Roman Empire.

Other Powers Who Influenced Spain

While the Romans were the primary conquerors, the Iberian Peninsula was subject to the influence of other powerful entities as well. Prior to Roman rule, the region experienced the presence of Carthaginians, Greeks, Phoenicians, and Carthago. After the fall of the Roman Empire, Sueves, Vandals, and Byzantines also occupied parts of the peninsula, further shaping its history and cultural landscape.

Timeline of Roman Conquests in Hispania

218 BC: The Romans first arrived in the Iberian Peninsula during the Second Punic War. 206 BC: The Battle of Ilipa marks a significant Roman victory over the Carthaginians. 155 BC: Administrative reforms were introduced to strengthen Roman control over Hispania. 72 BC: Sertorian War and Quinto Sertorio challenges Roman control. 29 BC - 14 AD: Augustus solidifies Roman control by conquering the north and incorporating the region into the Roman Empire.

To delve deeper into the Roman conquest and its impact, you can explore the detailed timeline of the Roman conquest of Hispania on Wikipedia, specifically Timeline of the history of Roman Hispania. Additionally, for more information about the first Roman general to conquer parts of Hispania, explore the history of Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus.