The Possibility of Non-Authoritarian and Non-Anti-Capitalist Beliefs in Communism and Socialism

It has been argued that communism and socialism, when practiced, often lead to authoritarian and anti-capitalist outcomes. However, this article explores the possibility of holding such beliefs without adopting these negative attributes. It traces the historical roots of these beliefs, highlighting their potential for individual and small-scale implementation while addressing the inherent dangers of broader implementations.

Historical Roots of Communal Beliefs

The roots of communal living can be traced back to the fifth century when Catholic monks formed monasteries under the Rule of Benedict. Monasticism, a form of communism, emphasizes communal ownership and sharing of resources. In the thirteenth century, Francis and Dominic developed communist orders that were not enclosed, allowing for a more diverse and flexible communal lifestyle. Even Secular Franciscan Orders (SFOs), which include lay members, share some communist principles but are not confined to a monastic lifestyle.

Challenges in Implementing Communist Ideals

The transition from optimistic socialism in the 19th century to the repressive regimes of the 20th century is a stark reminder of the dangers of unbridled antinomianism—the abandonment of restraint in favor of absolute ends. While it remains possible for individuals to embrace communism without the horrors associated with state violence, the risks become significant when such ideals are applied at a systemic level.

When communism is implemented in a formalized manner, such as through a one-party state, it often involves the seizure of resources from private owners and their redistribution. This central problem inevitably leads to totalitarianism, as it must override individual freedoms and property rights. This inherent flaw, compounded by human nature’s tendency towards greed, often results in the maintenance of power and resources by the ruling party rather than their redistribution.

Individual and Small-Scale Implementation

Communist and socialist ideals can thrive in individual and small-scale contexts that prioritize rational and honest recognition of others within a structured social organization. Within the confines of an individual’s mind, or through conversations among like-minded individuals, communal principles can be effectively practiced. However, the challenge arises when these principles are extended to a larger organizational structure.

The downfall of communist and socialist movements often lies in the power dynamics within centralized organizations. The antinomian nature of power often selects the individual who is most ruthless in their use of it. Goodwill and ethical intentions cannot compete with the raw power of force, leading to the concentration of power and resources in a few hands.

Conclusion

While the inherent problems with communism and socialism as systemic ideologies cannot be ignored, it is possible to hold these beliefs in a non-authoritarian and non-anti-capitalist manner. By focusing on individual and small-scale implementations, these ideals can be embraced without the risk of totalitarian outcomes. Emphasizing rationality, truth, and communal cooperation can help prevent the negative consequences associated with broader implementations of these beliefs.