The Origin and Preamble of International Human Rights Law

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) is a landmark document enshrining the fundamental rights and freedoms that must be recognized by all member states of the United Nations. It serves as the foundation for international human rights law and sets forth the principles that guide the protection and promotion of human dignity and freedom across the world.

The UDHR and the Universal Declaration

The UDHR was adopted by the United Nations General Assembly in 1948 and has since been signed and ratified by virtually all UN member states. This document is not just a declaration of rights; it is a solemn promise made by nations to uphold these fundamental principles. The Preamble of the UDHR, in particular, provides a powerful statement of the origins and purpose of human rights law.

The Universal Source of Human Rights

The very first sentence of the Preamble lays bare the fundamental source of human rights: “Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world.” This sentence encapsulates the core idea that human rights are not granted by governments but are inherent to all human beings that cannot be taken away.

The Preamble continues to emphasize the importance of protecting human rights. It states that the disregard and contempt for human rights have led to barbarities that outrage the conscience of mankind. This is a stark reminder of the price paid for neglecting these rights and the urgency to promote peace and justice.

Essential Protection of Human Rights

The Preamble asserts that it is essential for human beings to enjoy freedom of speech and belief and to be free from fear and want. This holistic view of human rights encompasses not just political freedoms but also social and economic rights, emphasizing the interdependence of various rights. It also highlights the importance of protecting human rights through the rule of law, ensuring that citizens are not compelled to take up arms against oppressive regimes.

The Preamble further underscores the importance of promoting friendly relations between nations, recognizing the interconnectedness of global peace and security with the protection of human rights.

Global Commitment to Human Rights

The Preamble concludes with a call for nations to promote universal respect for and observance of human rights. Member states have pledged to achieve this through national and international measures, emphasizing the role of education and progressive policies in promoting and realizing these rights.

The Declaration is presented as a common standard of achievement for all peoples and nations. It aims to inspire individuals and societies to strive for respect and recognition of these rights through education and implementation.

Conclusion

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights and its Preamble provide a powerful and clear framework for the protection and promotion of human rights worldwide. By understanding and adhering to the principles outlined in the UDHR, we can work towards a world where all people can live with dignity, freedom, and justice.