The Impact of FDR's Vice Presidency in 1920: A Closer Look at Historical Alternatives

The United States in 1920 was a drastically different place than it is today, and the outcome of that year's election had significant implications for the future course of American history. What if Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) had been elected Vice President in 1920, and subsequently assumed office in 1921? This hypothetical scenario presents a fascinating set of questions about the potential impact on FDR's life and the subsequent political landscape in the United States. This exploration delves deep into the possibilities and the ramifications such a change might have had.

Potential Health Impact

One of the key differences between an FDR presidency and an FDR vice presidency is the absence of the polio incident in 1921. The polio outbreak marked a turning point in FDR's life and altered his perspective on various issues. In 1920, instead of becoming sick, FDR might have gone on to advance his political career without the adversity that led him to develop the resilience and compassion for the disabled that he would later bring to his presidency. The enhanced leadership and public-facing skills he cultivated through this period are not as prominent during his vice presidency, as evidenced by the limited number of photographs of him in a wheelchair.

Political Ascendancy and Cockiness

Had FDR been elected Vice President at the age of 39, he might have experienced a rapid rise in political prominence that made him 'pretty cocky.' His quick political ascent compared to his cousin, Theodore 'Teddy' Roosevelt, would have been remarkable. However, this sudden and significant advancement might have also led to an inflated sense of self-importance and a potential for unrest among rivals and colleagues. A political career marked by such a swift rise could also have led to an oversensitive demeanor and a tendency to take criticism personally.

Health Challenges and Career Continuity

Given that FDR contracted polio in 1921, one wonders how he might have fared as Vice President without health issues. The combination of political pressure and the physical toll of polio could have undermined his health and political career. If FDR had been incapacitated during his vice presidency, the Secretary of State might have taken over as President, assuming the presidency was not passed to the member of the House who would be next in line. Alternatively, FDR might have resigned due to deteriorating health, potentially leading to a power vacuum that the Republicans could exploit.

Historical Possibilities and Presidential Ascent

If FDR had been reelected as Vice President in 1924, he would have served as a frontrunner for the Democratic nomination in 1928. In this scenario, FDR might or might not have experienced the onset of the Great Depression, which began in 1929. If the economic downturn occurred during his term, the Republican Herbert Hoover might have capitalized on FDR's inexperience and replaced him in office.

Supreme Court and Liberalism

One notable aspect of the 1920s was the composition of the Supreme Court, which could have been significantly more liberal than it was in reality. With none of the Republican appointees from Presidents Warren G. Harding, Calvin Coolidge, and Herbert Hoover making it to the bench, the Supreme Court might have had a more pronounced and progressive stance, aligning more closely with FDR and his Democratic Party.

The League of Nations and International Relations

Under a Democratic presidency led by James Cox with FDR as his vice president, a cohesive effort between the executive branch and the legislative branch could have seen the United States join the League of Nations. As the former Secretary of the Navy, FDR's advocacy for a strong military and involvement in world affairs would have been a key component of this. If the U.S. had joined the League, it might have significantly influenced the international order and potentially enhanced the prospects for world peace. Conversely, the lack of U.S. participation in the League could have resulted in less punitive measures against Germany after World War I.

Progressive Movement and Prohibition

The Progressive Movement of the early 1900s would have been influenced by the Cox and FDR administration. Their stance on Prohibition and Immigration Quotas would have played a crucial role in shaping these policies. The Democratic push for progressive reforms would likely have continued, aiming to reduce economic inequality and promote social justice.

Avoiding the Great Depression?

One of the most pressing questions is whether the Great Depression could have been avoided or prevented if FDR were in a position of power in the earlier 1920s. Economic policies and interventions by FDR and the Democratic administration in the 1920s could have laid the groundwork for more robust financial regulations and social safety nets that might have mitigated the severe economic crisis that followed.

In conclusion, the hypothetical scenario of FDR being elected Vice President in 1920 presents a series of intriguing possibilities about the course of American history. While the detailed outcomes cannot be predicted, the ripple effects on FDR's life and the political climate are significant, impacting everything from his personal life to the nation's policies and international relations.