Why Do We Accept Certain Rights as Basic Human Rights?

In a world where governments wield unprecedented power, the idea of basic human rights is both intuitive and often controversial. The debate often centers on the nature of these rights: whether they are negative rights, which require the government to stay out of the way, or positive rights, which require the government to act and provide something, like healthcare or a guaranteed income.

Many individuals, including those like myself, view positive rights critically because they are seen as a potential impetus for authoritarian control and dependency. Positive rights can be withdrawn or altered without citizen input, making them subject to whim. This can lead to a situation where people are forced into compliance, having their negative rights curtailed to maintain the provision of positive rights. Autocratic measures like 'get the jab or no healthcare for you!' reflect the dangers of allowing governments to manipulate and control the population through penalizing dissent or non-compliance.

Rights from the Individual in the State of Nature

The concept of basic human rights finds its roots in the state of nature, a theoretical framework that philosophical and political thinkers use to understand the origins of rights and government. In the state of nature, we must consider what rights individuals have and how the social contract transforms them as society evolves.

Freedom and the Right to Liberty

Individuals in the state of nature possess the right to liberty, which allows them to do anything they wish as long as it doesn't interfere with others' freedom. This is the foundation of individual autonomy. As soon as a second person enters the picture, the simple concept of non-interference becomes more complex.

The Right to Life, Defense, and Property

When a second person arrives, the right to life and the right to defend oneself come into play. As long as actions do not infringe on others' lives, they remain within the scope of natural rights. The right to property is also a key concept, derived from the labor invested in gathering resources. If a person takes your belongings without permission, they are considered an invader, and the natural response is to reclaim what is rightfully yours.

The Social Contract and Government Formation

In the state of nature, individuals are forced to defend their property, resulting in a state of constant insecurity. To mitigate this, the social contract is formed, establishing common rules for mutual respect and protection. This social contract eventually evolves into a government designed to enforce these rules and protect individual rights.

The Limitations of Altruism

While altruism is a vital part of human nature, it is important to recognize that it should not become a permanent state. Relying on others for survival can lead to dependency and the breakdown of the social contract. The essence of natural rights and the social contract is the mutual exchange of labor and protection, ensuring that everyone contributes and receives fairly.

Conclusion

The rights that we consider essential are deeply rooted in the state of nature. By examining the origins of these rights, we can better understand their importance and the role they play in our society. The debate around negative and positive rights continues to be a critical issue, and it is essential to ensure that government actions do not undermine the fundamental freedoms and protections that make our society function.