The Contribution of Air Force Helicopters in the Vietnam War
During the Vietnam War, the U.S. Air Force played a significant role in various operations, including the recovery of downed aircrew and conducting special operations. Helicopters, particularly those of the HH-53 and HH-3E types, were a crucial part of these missions. In this article, we will explore the history and impact of these aircraft and the stories behind their operations.
Prior to 2008: MH-53s and AFSOC
The Air Force utilized the HH-53 helicopters extensively during the Vietnam War. These aircraft, also known as the Super Jolly Green Giant, were originally designed for aerial firefighting but were quickly converted for other roles. After being used during the war, some of these helicopters were converted to MH-53s and continued to serve with the Adjutant Genertal's Special Operations Wing (AFSOC).
One airman, a former Naval SEAL, shared a humorous anecdote during a conversation with a fellow service member. He mentioned how, during a break in training with AFSOC, he was sitting in an MH-53 helicopter. The pilot, no doubt proud of his aircraft, added that his father had flown the original HH-53 in Vietnam, only to be met with silence from the SEAL. Unbeknownst to the airman, the aircraft he was sitting in had the same tailfin as the aircraft his father had flown years before. This story underscores the legacy and history of these iconic helicopters.
HH-43 Husky and HH-3E Hercules
In addition to the HH-53, the Air Force also operated other helicopters during the Vietnam War. The HH-43 Husky, although designed for firefighting, was pressed into service for rescuing downed pilots. This aircraft was part of the 38th Rescue Squadron and was known by the call sign "Pedro."
The HH-3E helicopter, a powerful variant known as the Jolly Green Giant, began its deployment in Vietnam in 1967. These aircraft operated from Da Nang Air Base and were tasked with high-risk missions. The crew of these helicopters were awarded numerous medals for their bravery, including one Medal of Honor, twenty-four Air Force Crosses, and over 190 Silver Stars.
Special Operations and Rescue Missions
The Air Force's special operations squadrons, including the 20th Special Operations Squadron (SOS) and the 21st SOS, actively used various helicopters during the war. In addition to HH-3 and HH-53 helicopters, they used CH-3, UH-1, and CH-53 helicopters for special operations missions.
The U.S. Air Force's primary role during the Vietnam War was the rescue of downed airmen. Two notable heroes, James Fleming and Gerald Young, were awarded the Medal of Honor for their helicopter rescue missions. These brave individuals demonstrated extraordinary courage in the face of extraordinary danger.
Operation Sandy
When tasked with aircrew pickup and rescue missions, the Air Force helicopters often worked alongside A-1 Skyraiders. These aircraft were often referred to by the code name Sandy.
The versatile and reliable helicopters played a critical role in the survival of many airmen and soldiers during the Vietnam War. Their unique designs and capabilities made them indispensable in the challenging and often hostile environment of the war.