The Case for Shortening the Work Week to 40 Hours (or Less)

Why is the global standard to work 40 hours per week? The answer lies in the complex interplay between supply and demand, labor laws, and evolving technology. This article explores the historical context of work hours, the current state of the job market, and the benefits of reducing work hours to improve productivity and well-being.

Supply vs. Demand

The job market is a bustling and often chaotic arena, shaped by global dynamics such as automation, outsourcing, and economic policies. With international contractors automating processes and cutting down on jobs, there is a surplus of job seekers vying for fewer opportunities. This scenario intensifies the power dynamic, giving businesses the upper hand in making decisions that benefit them.

Broadening the Scope: Beyond the 40-Hour Workweek

Many industries and regions are already experimenting with alternative work patterns. For instance, in Western Europe, the 4-day workweek is gaining traction. Organizations like FelixCLS have reported significant improvements in employee satisfaction and productivity. In countries like the Netherlands and Scandinavian nations, the average workweek already hovers around 32 hours, aligning with a more balanced approach to work and life.

Historical Context: The Evolution of Work Hours

Human history shows that most people worked four to six hours a day during most of our known history. This only changed briefly during the early Industrial Revolution when the standard became 12-hour workdays. Nowadays, we work 8 to 10 hours a day, and the results are not uniformly positive. The science-backed increase in productivity and morale came from reducing work hours to 40 hours a week, according to studies conducted by manufacturers in the 1940s.

The Impact of Technology and the Internet

The advent of the internet and technological advancements like artificial intelligence (AI) and neural networks have significantly impacted work hours. While technology has enabled employees to work beyond their offices, it has also turned work into a continuous process. High-tech companies, in particular, expect their employees to work extended hours without additional compensation to keep pace with the rapid changes and competitive landscapes.

Alternative Working Models

Some individuals and organizations advocate for reduced work hours. The 4-Hour Workweek theory by Timothy Ferriss emphasizes working less and enjoying more. Ferriss suggests that by working four hours a day, one can automate many tasks and focus on more meaningful work, leading to increased happiness and productivity. In contrast, entrepreneurs and business owners who consider work a core part of their identity may find it challenging to scale down their work hours.

Benefits and Challenges

Reducing work hours to 40 hours a week or even to 40 hours every four days can bring numerous benefits. Here are some key advantages and considerations:

Increased Productivity: Studies show that reducing work hours can boost productivity and creativity. Improved Work-Life Balance: People can allocate more time to personal and family activities, leading to better health and well-being. Enhanced Employee Morale: Reduced work hours can lead to happier and more engaged employees. Legal and Economic Factors: While the concept is gaining traction, there are still legal, economic, and social challenges to overcome. No One-Size-Fits-All Solution: The suitability of reducing work hours depends on the nature of the job, individual circumstances, and organizational goals.

Conclusion

The current 40-hour workweek is a legacy of historical labor laws and cultural norms. However, as technology continues to evolve and our understanding of work-life balance deepens, there is a growing case for reconsidering the standard. By embracing a more flexible approach, we can promote productivity, well-being, and a healthier work environment.