Romania's Journey to the European Union: Overcoming Differences and Seeking Security

Romania, situated on the Eastern edge of Western Europe, has always been at the crossroads of diverse cultural influences. The country's complex history has shaped its views and motivations towards the European Union (EU). This article explores the reasons behind Romania's decision to join the EU, despite significant cultural and historical differences with Western European countries.

Motivations Behind EU Membership

There are multifaceted reasons motivating Romania's desire to join the European Union. Beyond just anti-Russian sentiments and the pursuit of a better life, there is also a deep-seated mistrust in the political class. Socialism and its aftermath left Romania with a lasting legacy of political manipulation and corruption. Under the guise of leading the country with intent, Romania's traditional leadership class was perceived as serving vested interests rather than the public good.

The political elite was seen as part of the same old structures, making it difficult to trust their integrity. With this in mind, Romania sought external forces to hold its leaders accountable. The EU, with its stringent governance standards and established institutions, represented a foreign force that could ensure responsible governance. While there were sacrifices, such as the loss of domestic industry, the long-term benefits of EU membership were seen as more valuable.

Historical Context and Regional Tensions

Romania's historical context plays a significant role in its motivations. The country has endured countless invasions and occupations, with Russia always seen as the greatest threat. Even during the Roman era, and then through the migratory hordes and the Ottoman Empire, Romania's history has been marked by conflict and occupation. The most persistent and menacing adversary has always been Russia.

This historical animosity has fueled Romania's desire to join the EU, not just for economic reasons, but as a strategic move to secure its sovereignty. The geopolitical significance of Romania's location, known as 'at the gates of the Orient,' has historically made it a focal point for various empires and nations vying for control over the region. The fear of Russian dominance has been a constant theme in Romanian society, influencing political decisions, especially regarding alliances with Western powers.

Strategic Alliances and the Path to EU Membership

Romania's history includes key alliances that helped form its current bond with the EU. In the 19th century, the struggle for independence from the Ottoman Empire saw Romanian intelligentsia seeking foreign kings to avoid the influence of Russia. The intervention of Napoleon and Britain in the region's conflicts kept Russia engaged elsewhere, allowing Romania to form its state. These historical events laid the groundwork for Romania's eventual embrace of the EU.

During the communist era, Romania's quest for freedom was fueled by the aspiration of joining the Western world. The rigid control of Nicolae Ceau?escu’s regime made the EU seem like a beacon of hope. The fall of communism in Romania in 1989 marked the beginning of a new era, with the country rapidly moving towards the West. This transition was accelerated by the 1997 accession of Poland, Hungary, and the Czech Republic to the EU, demonstrating the path to success that Romania could follow.

Lessons from the Eastern Horizon

While the road to EU membership has been challenging, Romania's close proximity to Russia and its experiences with Eastern influence highlight the value of Western integration. Despite initial challenges, Romania has managed to navigate its way through the EU accession process. As Romania looks to the future, it faces the task of addressing economic and social issues that come with EU membership, but it remains firmly directed towards the West.

As Romania continues its integration journey, it serves as an example of how nations with differing historical experiences can find common ground and mutual benefit in EU membership. The ongoing challenge is to maintain this momentum, ensuring continued progress and stability for the future.

Keywords: Romania EU joining, Eastern European integration, European Union membership, Romania historical context