Is the Brutal Treatment of Hector by Achilles Justified?

One of the most intense and morally complex moments in The Iliad is the brutal treatment of Hector by Achilles. In this essay, we will explore whether the barbaric death of Hector can be considered just and right, or if it was an unjust act. We will draw on Homeric values such as honor, wrath, and justice to form a reasoned argument.

Context of the Battle

The conflict between Achilles and Hector is set against the backdrop of the Trojan War, depicted in The Iliad. The story centers on the anger of Achilles, who refuses to fight due to a personal grievance. However, when Hector, the Trojans’ greatest warrior, begins to prevail in the battle, Achilles is shamed by Agamemnon and is spurred to fight. In this context, the death of Hector by Achilles is a defining moment in the epic, illustrating the raw human emotions and the brutal nature of war.

Justification from the Homeric Code

From the perspective of Homeric values, the concept of kleos (glory) plays a crucial role in understanding the motivations and actions of characters. For Achilles and Hector, the idea of kleos is paramount. In a world where death is certain, achieving glory through one's actions is a noble goal. Thus, Achilles killing Hector could be interpreted as a means to gain even greater kleos, as Hector is one of the Trojans’ greatest warriors. However, this raises the question: Is this form of glory worth the barbaric act of killing a fallen man?

Interpretations of Justice and Wrath

The Iliad portrays Achilles as a complex character, often driven by intense personal emotions such as wrath. While his wrath is understandable and even justifiable in the context of the plot, it also leads to extreme actions. The gods themselves disapprove of Achilles' stubbornness and his treatment of Hector. This raises the question of whether wrath can justify such extreme and inhumane actions. The intervention of the gods serves as a moral compass, suggesting that even the most powerful and heroic individuals should act within the bounds of justice and mercy.

Evaluation of Justice and Mercy

While The Iliad is full of honor and glory, it also demonstrates the importance of mercy and compassion. The brutal treatment of Hector does not align with the values of mercy and compassion. In the broader context of the Homeric world, the act of killing a fallen opponent, especially in such a brutal manner, can be seen as an overstep of the acceptable and even an injustice. Hector, as a father, husband, and leader, represents more than just a warrior. His death is not just a loss for the Trojans, but a loss for humanity. The lack of mercy shown to a fallen hero in the name of kleos is a reminder that the pursuit of glory should not come at the cost of justice and humanity.

Conclusion: Just or Barbaric?

In conclusion, the brutal treatment of Hector by Achilles raises profound questions about justice, honor, and the nature of glory. While it can be argued that the act was motivated by a sense of honor and the desire for glory, the barbaric nature of the death cannot be overlooked. The intervention of the gods and the ethical lessons provided by the epic suggest that even in the heat of battle, there are limits to which human actions can be justified. The death of Hector is a tragic reminder of the importance of mercy and the dangers of letting personal wrath cloud judgment and decision-making.