How Much Support Does Hamas Have Among Palestinians?
The question of Hamas support among Palestinians is complex and multifaceted, with varying levels of support based on region and context.
How Support Varies by Region
The primary metric often cited for Hamas support is a poll that reveals over 80% approval in certain contexts. However, it’s crucial to note that such polling data can be skewed if the respondents are primarily Hamas supporters, or if heads of household fear retribution for expressing dissent.
In the immediate period leading up to October 7, the political landscape in Gaza was starkly different. Prior to this date, Hamas had an approval rating below 30%, significantly lower than its counterparts who had opted for a cease-fire, enjoying figures above 60%.
However, in the West Bank, Hamas has seen substantial popularity. This divergence can be attributed to varying historical experiences with Israel and Hamas.
Historic Background and Support in Gaza
In 2005, Israel withdrew unilaterally from the Gaza Strip, leaving no Israeli military presence and no blockade. This period was followed by a significant event in 2006/2007 when Hamas emerged as the dominant political force, winning elections and subsequently murdering political opponents to consolidate power.
The Israeli response to Hamas' rise to power included imposing a blockade. It is important to consider the text of the Hamas Covenant during this period, which outlines their extremist goals.
Gaza residents have not had an election since.
Hamas has not only been actively imposing its version of strict Islamic law but also has been plagued by corruption, taking funds intended for the betterment of Gaza into private bank accounts and preparing for military actions. This combination of governance has likely contributed to the dissatisfaction among Gazans.
Furthermore, the history of Hamas firing rockets and Israel’s retaliatory strikes has created a cyclical pattern that does not sit well with the general population. Even if Israel’s actions were considered over the top, the predictable response has led to a substantial amount of lawful devastation and destruction.
Support in the West Bank and the Recent Context
The situation in the West Bank presents both similarities and stark differences. Here, there have been no elections, and the government is known for corruption. However, the West Bank also hosts Israeli troops on the ground.
Despite this, the Palestinian Authority (PA) has managed to garner some level of cooperation from the extremist factions, albeit from a compromised standpoint.
Local Palestinians in the West Bank face the issue of settlers, who are given special privileges and protection by the military. This has led many to see Hamas as a potential solution to the long-standing issue of settler abuse and occupation.
Post the events of October 7, Hamas' popularity in the West Bank has soared. This is in stark contrast to Gaza, where support remains low.
It's crucial to recognize that while there may not be sympathy for Israel’s actions, grievances with Hamas extend beyond its political failings and involve concerns about its ability to defend Gaza without a viable plan, even in the best of scenarios.
The complex dynamics of the Palestinian territories highlight the intricate challenges faced by political organizations aiming to champion their people's cause. Understanding the regional nuances is essential to appreciating the multifaceted nature of support for groups like Hamas.
Further insights into how these regions can move towards a more stable and inclusive future are necessary to address the underlying concerns and conflicts.