Exploring Multidimensional Poverty in India: Insights from Global MPI 2021

India, with its complex socio-economic landscape, has been a focal point for global efforts to alleviate poverty. One key initiative that contributes to this global effort is the Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI). This article delves into the concept of multidimensional poverty, highlights India's rank in the 2021 MPI report, and provides valuable insights to understand the comprehensive approach to poverty measurement.

Introduction to Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI)

The Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) is a comprehensive tool developed by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) to measure poverty beyond income levels. MPI recognizes that poverty is not just about income poverty but encompasses various deprivations in health, education, and standard of living. This holistic approach helps in better understanding the complexities of poverty in different contexts.

India's Rank in the 2021 MPI Report

According to the Global Multidimensional Poverty Report 2021, India stands at 66 out of 109 countries. This ranking places India in a challenging position but also highlights the significant strides being made to address poverty through various governmental and social initiatives.

The(MPI) is based on a composite index that includes the following dimensions:

Health: Access to water, sanitation, and nutrition Education: Years of schooling and school attendance Livelihood security: Cooking fuel, asset ownership, and electricity

Each of these dimensions is further divided into indicators. For instance, in the health dimension, access to clean water and sanitation is a key indicator. Similarly, in the education dimension, years of schooling and school attendance are critical factors.

NITI Aayog: The Nodal Ministry in India

NITI Aayog, the National Institution for Transforming India, plays a pivotal role in implementing the Multidimensional Poverty Index in India. As the nodal ministry, NITI Aayog coordinates with various state and national stakeholders to ensure the effective implementation of policies aimed at reducing multidimensional poverty.

Challenges and Progress in India

Despite its rank, India has made significant progress in addressing multidimensional poverty. The government's commitment to socio-economic development can be seen through various initiatives:

Education: The implementation of schemes like the Pradhan Mantri Rashtriya Bal Swasthya Karyakram (PMRBSK) and the Mid-day Meal Scheme have improved access to education and nutrition. Health: Programs like Ayushman Bharat provide health coverage and promote healthcare access for marginalized communities. Water and Sanitation: The Swachh Bharat Abhiyan has significantly improved access to clean water and sanitation facilities in rural and urban areas. Income Support: Programs like the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act (MGNREGA) provide wage employment and income support.

These initiatives, while commendable, are ongoing efforts. Continuous monitoring and evaluation are necessary to ensure they effectively reduce multidimensional poverty.

Conclusion

The Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) 2021 report highlights India's position in reducing multidimensional poverty. While India's rank in the MPI is a cause for concern, it also reflects the significant strides being made towards a more inclusive and equitable society. The role of NITI Aayog as the nodal ministry in this process is crucial in ensuring that comprehensive and effective policies are in place to tackle poverty.

As India continues to evolve and adapt to new challenges, the MPI remains a valuable tool for policymakers and practitioners to measure and monitor progress towards poverty reduction.

Keywords: Multidimensional Poverty Index, India, Global MPI 2021