What is Your View on Using Ballot Papers Instead of EVMs?
Electronic Voting Machines (EVMs) have been a subject of controversy and debate in recent years. Some individuals and groups vehemently oppose their use, often drawing parallels between EVM deniers and flat earthers, anti-vaxxers, or pseudo-scientific groups. However, these criticisms are often based on misunderstandings and oversimplifications. In this article, we delve into the true nature of EVMs, the technology behind their security, and why they represent a far more trustworthy method of conducting elections.
Understanding EVMs: Beyond the Surface Misconceptions
One of the primary misconceptions surrounding EVMs is that they function like ordinary computers. This is a significant falsehood. Indian EVMs, specifically, are designed to be tamper-proof and are fundamentally different from conventional computing devices. Let us explore this in detail:
No Connectivity and No Operating System
Indian EVMs operate as pure electronic/embedded devices. They do not have any connectivity options such as USB, Ethernet, WiFi, or Bluetooth. Additionally, these machines do not run any operating system. They are specialized systems built for recording and counting votes only. This design ensures that there are no external interfaces through which data can be input or altered.
One-Time Programmable (OTP) Memory
Another common misconception is that the internal memory of EVMs is rewritable like a USB drive. In reality, the memory units in EVMs are OTP (One-Time Programmable) memory chips. This means that data can be written to these chips only once. Once the data is written, it cannot be altered or changed. If an attempt is made to rewrite or overwrite data, the memory will be corrupted and become unusable.
OTP PROM: A Detailed Look
Let's take a closer look at how OTP PROM (Programmable Read-Only Memory) works. The memory is stored using a fuse or diode array. Each intact fuse is represented as '1' and a blown fuse is represented as '0'. When the chip is virgin, all fuses are intact, signifying all '1's. The user can program the chip by selectively blowing these fuses to represent '0's. This process is irreversible.
The computer automatically generates high voltage pulses to blow the fuses according to the user’s data. This is similar to how a non-rewritable compact disc (CD-ROM) operates. For more technical details, readers can refer to the provided link. The critical point to note is that once data is programmed into an OTP PROM, it is impossible to erase or modify it.
Additional Security Features
Even beyond the OTP memory, additional security measures are in place to prevent tampering. The internal memory spaces not used for programming are filled with a repeating pattern. This serves as a safeguard against the insertion of malware or custom-written code. If any unauthorized changes are made, the machine would permanently disable itself.
Security Protocols During Off-Election Seasons
During off-election periods, a two-level checking protocol is enforced. The Unauthorised Access Detection Module (UADM) continuously cross-checks the internal memory against the programmed pattern. Any deviation from this pattern would result in permanent disablement of the machine. These technical safeguards make tampering highly improbable.
Why Transition to Ballot Papers Would Be Disastrous
The implications of reverting to paper ballots are severe. Polling booth hijacking, the risk of fake votes, and significant delays in counting would become rampant. The Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), for instance, would not just gain a few seats but potentially all if an election were rigged with ballot papers. This would lead to a potential dictatorship, making a mockery of democracy.
Moreover, EVM deniers fail to acknowledge the magnitude of the issue. The integrity and efficiency of the EVM system are underpinned by complex technical measures that go far beyond simple electronic components. Pertinent technology systems, when coupled with robust legal and administrative frameworks, can indeed ensure transparent and secure elections.
Conclusion
The security and reliability of EVMs are often underestimated. The fundamental working principles of these machines make them highly resistant to tampering. By maintaining a proactive stance and continuing to improve the technological and procedural safeguards, the EVM system can remain a cornerstone of fair and transparent elections. To revert to paper ballots would be a dangerous and regressive step, potentially undermining the democratic fabric of a nation.