Differences Between a History and a Political Science Major

History and political science are two distinct academic disciplines, each with its own unique focus, methodologies, and objectives. This article explores the key differences between these two fields, providing insights into their methodologies, objectives, and career paths.

Focus and Subject Matter

History: This field concentrates on past events, societies, and cultures. Historians delve into primary and secondary sources to understand how historical events have shaped the present. Topics of study can range from social, economic, cultural, to military history, offering a comprehensive view of the human past.

Political Science: This discipline examines the political systems, behavior, and structures that govern societies. It looks at the functioning of governments, the role of political institutions, public policy, international relations, and political theory. Political scientists analyze contemporary political issues and trends to understand the present and predict future developments.

Methodology

History: Emphasizing qualitative methods, historians often interpret texts, documents, artifacts, and oral histories. They engage in narrative construction and critical analysis to understand the context and causation behind historical events. This process is crucial in comprehending the complexities of the past.

Political Science: This field employs a blend of qualitative and quantitative methods. Political scientists conduct surveys, statistical analyses, and case studies, alongside theoretical frameworks to understand political behavior and systems. This combination of methodologies provides a more nuanced and data-driven approach to studying politics.

Objectives

History: The primary aim is to provide insight into the past, understanding its influence on current events and societal changes. Historians also seek to preserve and interpret historical knowledge, ensuring that the past is not lost to future generations.

Political Science: This field strives to analyze and explain political phenomena, develop theories about governance and policy, and provide insights that can inform current political practices and future governance. Political scientists work towards better understanding how governments operate and make decisions, aiming to improve democratic practices and policies.

History: Graduates from history programs can pursue various career paths. They may work in education, conducting research, or in museums, archival work, or historical preservation. Some may also find opportunities in journalism or law, leveraging their analytical and research skills.

Political Science: Political science graduates often work in government, international organizations, non-profits, political consulting, law, or academia. The skills learned in political science are also highly valuable in business, public relations, and other sectors that require understanding and analyzing political landscapes.

Conclusion

While both disciplines can intersect—such as in the study of political history or the historical context of political systems—they each offer unique perspectives and tools for understanding the world. Students may choose one over the other based on their interests in examining the past or analyzing political dynamics. Understanding the differences between these fields can help prospective students make informed decisions about their academic and career paths.