Before the Revolution: The Hardship and Humility of Everyday Life in Russia

Russia before the Revolution was indeed a grim world, characterized by extreme poverty, a small capitalist sector, and a vast aristocracy. This period, particularly for the majority of the population, was defined by widespread serfdom, heavy-handed rule, and social disparities.

Life for the Majority

The everyday reality for the majority of Russians was one of unrelenting struggle. The vast majority of peasants either owned no land or were struggling on very small plots, with much of that land controlled by the zemstvo, a local governing body. The Russian Orthodox Church wielded significant power and influence, further complicating life for the masses. Beyond the oppression of daily existence, the social fabric was further strained by antisemitism, a divorce system that was prohibitively expensive for most, and harsh legal penalties for minor infractions such as homosexuality, which remained illegal.

The Will to Survival

For those who managed to survive their childhood, the prospects were not rosy. The prospect of a life marked by implicit serfdom or the most degrading of factory conditions awaited them. Additionally, the combination of high child mortality, countless famines, and the endemic spread of disease often meant that life expectancy was staggeringly low. Moreover, the deeply ingrained class structures often ensured that even if one managed to avoid premature death, their quality of life still remained hopelessly bleak.

A Brief Glance at Splendor Amidst Despair

In contrast to the dire conditions faced by the majority, there were rare moments of genteel living that served as stark reminders of the disparities within society. One such instance, as narrated by A. Kuprin, captures the essence of these rare, yet deeply meaningful experiences. A visit to the Finnish spa town of Imatra in 1908, stands out as a moment of unexpected luxury and mutual respect. The opulence of the dining scene, characterized by a wide array of dishes and an impeccable system of self-service, stands in sharp contrast to the grim reality. This scene, described by the authoress, poignantly illustrates the deep-seated trust and humanity that could exist even in the midst of profound societal ills.

Disparity and Suspicion

However, even at this moment of shared luxury, the reader is also offered a glimpse of the underlying tensions and distrust that permeated society. The comments of the two contractors, referred to colloquially as kulaks, reveal the deep-seated prejudices and contempt for those perceived as different. The mockery of the Finns and the insensitivity displayed towards them serve as a stark reminder of the heavy weight of historical and social divisions that existed within Russia. The camaraderie among the contractors, rooted in a shared sense of superiority, stands in direct opposition to the mutual trust displayed at the dinner table.

Conclusion

Russia before the Revolution was a place where survival was a daily challenge, where social structures determined life and death, and where the gap between the haves and have-nots was vast and unsympathetic. The few moments of levity and mutual respect serve as powerful counterpoints to the broader narrative. They highlight the enduring human spirit and the complex interplay of class, culture, and societal norms that shaped the country's path towards profound change.